Knowledge‐Based Conceptual Synthesis of Industrial‐Scale Downstream Processes for Biochemical Products

A generic, knowledge‐based guideline assisting downstream process synthesis for biochemical products is presented. It offers process designers a structured process design methodology supporting them in capturing potentially relevant information, which might be beyond their expertise. The guideline is based on heuristic knowledge which was collected, structured in a generic way, and clearly represented. The generation of alternative downstream routes as starting points for experiments, simulation, and cost calculation is hereby accelerated. The application of the guideline is demonstrated on the example of penicillin V downstream processing from fermentation broth.     

Categorical formulation of mathematical design theories applied to system design process analysis

Given hierarchical system specifications, embodiment and integration processes of subsystems are crucial in designing complex engineered systems. To complement the current mathematical design theories that do not sufficiently support these processes, this study applies general design theory to formulate these processes based on the mathematical structure of design knowledge studied in the literature using category theory. Specifically, the composition of embodiment operations and the relations among subsystems in integration operations on the category of sets and topological spaces are elucidated. Furthermore, the formulation is applied to analysis of a system design process of a production line in model-based systems engineering.     

边缘建筑的学校图书馆设计

着知识的“神化”,图书馆的功能从“知识的传播”转向“知识的交流”,并最终异化为一个“仪式性”的产生。本文以此为切入点,对哈尔滨工程大学图书馆的设计过程进行了介绍,方案围绕“仪式性场所”的构建,试图创造一个“神圣”“世俗”与“标志性”混合体,以回应知识-权力关系在今天作为“科学”的话语形式。     

Reflections on the state of research: indoor environmental quality

More than 30 years after the First International Indoor Climate Symposium, ten researchers from the USA, Slovakia, Sweden, and Denmark gathered to review the current status of indoor environmental research. We initiated our review with discussions during the 1-day meeting and followed that with parallel research and writing efforts culminating with internal review and revision cycles. In this paper, we present our choices for the most important research findings on indoor environmental quality from the past three decades followed by a discussion of the most important research questions in our field today. We then continue with a discussion on whether there are research areas for which we can 'close the book' and say that we already know what is needed. Finally, we discuss whether we can maintain our identity in the future or it is time to team up with new partners. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: In the early years of this field, the accumulated knowledge was small and it was possible for any researcher to acquire a complete understanding. To do so has become impossible today as what we know has grown to exceed the learning capacity of any person. These circumstances challenge us to work collectively to synthesize what we do know and to define clearly what remains to be learned. If we fail to do these things well, we risk repeating research without memory, an inefficiency that we cannot afford.     

面向机械零件关联知识推送方法的设计与实现

为了提高机械产品设计过程中零件类知识的获取效率,充分利用和挖掘零件设计知识的价值,采用以零件知识为核心的新型知识服务理念,提出了一种以设计任务为驱动的关联知识推送方法,实现关联知识的主动推送。首先,阐述了关联知识的概念,通过对产品设计过程中基于任务的知识需求分析,构建了关联知识推送体系框架;然后,分析了关联知识推送的应用技术,研究了关联知识推送的实现机理,采用相似度匹配算法,实现了相似的关联知识的匹配;最后,通过实例应用验证了关联知识推送方法的可行性和可靠性。     

基于WebGIS平台的油田勘探开发一体化综合管理系统

利用Web GIS平台的可扩展性和跨平台的特点,借助专用的3D展示模块,将油藏开发中地震解释、测井解释、地质建模、油藏数值模拟等成果进行集中的加载与展示,实现了上游多学科研究成果的共享;同时,工程师可以从该系统获取所需资料并提交研究成果与工程数据。在Web GIS平台下还实现了井位辅助优化功能,减轻了因剩余油分布"高度分散、局部富集"导致的均匀井网生产效率低下的问题。借助平台的子系统,也实现了多学科在同一平台下工作方案,达到了对油藏从勘探到开发的一体化综合管理。     

Media as Educator,Media as Disruptor: Conceptualizing the Role of Social Context in Media Effects

We document how social contexts serve to refract media effects. We theorized the relationship between media use and individual‐level knowledge (and attitude) would be stronger when community‐level knowledge (and attitude) was low than when it was high. Data come from a national survey (N = 12,608 women and 1,237 men) conducted in Nepal. Knowledge and stigma toward people living with HIV were the 2 dependent variables. Hypotheses were tested 12 times: across the use of 3 media (newspaper, radio, television) × 2 study outcomes (knowledge and attitudes) × 2 genders. Predicted interactions were supported in 9 of the 12 tests. Findings point to the need to take into account the role of community factors in theorizing about media effects.     

Defecting From the Gutenberg Legacy: Employing Images to Test Knowledge Gaps

Education‐based knowledge gaps are well‐documented across countries, media platforms, and content. Without exception, knowledge is measured through words not images. Given the centrality of sight in the natural history of Homo sapiens, the extraordinary visual acuity of humans, and the proliferation of screen‐based visual media environments in contemporary life, an experiment was conducted to test the knowledge gap visually. Participants watched 8 audiovisual news stories. Simple recognition of story details and comprehension of that information were tested in verbal and visual modalities. Results offered the first confirmation of the knowledge gap in visual terms. Yet, gaps were significantly smaller employing visual than verbal measures, pointing to the need for continued efforts to develop visual measures for future memory studies.     

Analyzing the effects of technological,organizational and competition factors on Web knowledge exchange in SMEs

Internet technologies are increasingly being used within all knowledge management processes, including knowledge acquisition, knowledge exchange and knowledge use. Although technological issues are key drivers for Internet technologies adoption and use, organizational and environmental aspects have been found to be equally important. This paper extends previous studies on the use of Internet technologies and knowledge management by analyzing factors affecting Web knowledge exchange in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). More specifically, by drawing on the technology–organization–environment framework, a model to examine how distinct contextual factors influence Web knowledge exchange in SMEs is developed. The hypotheses are tested by using structural equation modelling on a large sample of Spanish SMEs from different industries. Results suggest that IT expertise and commitment-based human resource practices positively affect Web knowledge exchange, with the latter being the strongest factor in our proposed model. In contrast, a negative relationship is found between competition and Web knowledge exchange.     

基于CNKI的X射线荧光光谱研究文献计量学分析

为客观掌握我国X射线荧光光谱(XRF)的研究进展,采用中国知网(CNKI)库内相关研究论文的年度分布、机构、基金、期刊来源等数据,结合Citespace的关键词分析方法,系统揭示了我国X射线荧光光谱的研究进展。结果表明:我国X射线荧光光谱研究处于快速发展阶段,每年论文发表数量呈指数增长;发表研究论文数量最多的是成都理工大学(69篇),总被引频次最高的机构是中国地质科学院国家地质实验测试中心(819次);目前X射线荧光光谱研究受到国家层面的基金支持力度不足;被引频次最高的论文第一作者是李国会(被引93次);发文量和论文被引率最高的期刊是《冶金分析》(300篇、占86.3%);总被引频次和篇均被引频次最高的期刊是《岩矿测试》(2541次、14.4次/篇);关键词分析结果表明,研究热点集中在样品制备、分析方法研究、检测应用;理论研究所占比例远远低于应用研究。所进行的研究对了解X射线荧光光谱的发展动态,推动相关研究工作的深化将产生重要的意义。